Performance Evaluation and Optimization of ZigBee in Different Applications in Smart Grid

Ardestani, Mahdi; Mohammadi, Zhila

doi:10.48301/jear.2025.506258.1091

Performance Evaluation and Optimization of ZigBee in Different Applications in Smart Grid

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mahdi Ardestani ¹

Zhila Mohammadi ²

¹ 1Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty National University of Skills Tehran, Iran

² Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty National University of Skills Tehran, Iran

10.48301/jear.2025.506258.1091

Abstract

The development of Smart Grids has introduced a wide array of applications and challenges, particularly in terms of data transmission across various components. To address these challenges, researchers have increasingly turned to wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which offer innovative solutions for enhancing communication and overcoming the limitations of traditional grid systems. Among the many protocols available for WSNs, ZigBee has emerged as a widely adopted standard due to its low power consumption, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for low-data-rate applications. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation and optimization of the ZigBee protocol in diverse Smart Grid environments, including power stations and substations. Special attention is given to critical network performance metrics such as battery life, packet loss, network throughput, end-to-end delay, and energy consumption. Using the NS-2 simulator, we conducted extensive simulations to analyze the protocol's behavior under different conditions. The results show that ZigBee achieves an 85% packet delivery rate in main control rooms but fails in 500 kV outdoor substations due to interference and path loss (0% delivery), demonstrating its suitability for low-bandwidth scenarios and its limitations in harsh environments. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of ZigBee’s role in modernizing energy infrastructure.

Keywords

Smart Grid

Performance Evaluation

Wireless Sensor Network

ZigBee Protocol

Subjects

Electrical Engineering

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